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1). Tuberculosis (TB)- The Unseen Villain■Tuberculosis is an airborne disease carried in airborne particles.( )the TB particles can develop into the lungs in most cases，but can affect any part of the body. infection in the lungs is called ( )infection. Not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick. As a result，two TB-related conditions exist：latent TB infection and TB disease.■Latent TB (LTB) means a person does have TB in their body but does not have TB disease and cannot( )the disease to other people. If a person is healthy or not immunocompromised，their immune system may be able to stop the TB from( )and prevent progression of the disease. If left( )LTB can turn into TB disease. TB disease (TBD) happens when the body is unable to halt the disease progression.■The symptoms of TB disease include：a bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer，pain in the chest，( )up blood or sputum，weakness or fatigue，weight loss，no appetite，chills，fever and sweating at night. You may also see symptoms of pericarditis，meningitis，cervical lymphadenitis，or infections of the bones，joints or skin.A person who is( )of coming into contact with TB should be tested.The recommended testing period is 8- 10 weeks after( )—after the incubation period. It can take 2-8 weeks for a person to test positive for TB with a skin test.■There are a few different tests that are( )to test for TB. Many .healthcare facilities continue to use a TB skin test. While the CDC approves of this method，there are other tests available which are more accurate and can( )false negatives or false positives. Interferon-gamma release assay′s (IGRA) are an example of this type of test. This is a simple blood test that does not require fasting. A chest X-ray may be ordered to look for cavitation (渦凹) in the lungs.( )
A.coughing
B.spitting
C.sneezing
D.shedding

正確答案：A
2). High-tech Cancer Screening Having cancer can be terrifying. What may be more terrifying is seeing a specific kind of cancer passing down to you from your family tree，and knowing helplessly that it will haunt your children and grandchildren.■Luckily for Wang Wei，a 38-year-old new mother who has hereditary multiple exostoses，rare bone growth that can become cancerous in childhood，the family nightmare may finally end.■So may it be for many parents like her in China，as a leading reproductive hospital has successfully produced two cancer-free babies，including one for Wang，using a pre-screening technology called the pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).The treatment，as an additional procedure to the normal in-vitro fertilization (IVF)，esenilly selects the embryo that bears no hereditary cancer genes before putting it into a mother′s womb.■When Wang，from Zhuhai，Guangdong Province，first came to the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya in Changsha，Hunan Province，in March 2013，the then 35-year-old mother-want-to-be was in despair，hoping to give it a long shot at best.Because of her familial cancer problem，she chose an abortion three years into marriage，and had kept conducting birth controls ever since for fear that her baby may bear the same disease of her paternal family. Many relatives on her father′s side and in her generation carry the same bone disease as she does. Medical statistics suggest that there is a 50 percent chance her baby may get the disease，which the World Health Organization says may develop into cancer in every 20 to 200 cases，too high for Wang to risk it.■But deep inside she was still eager to parent a child，and so was her husband. They sought help from various online platforms and learned about Xiangya′s attempt to produce babies that are free of familial cancers via PGD. ■There was no guarantee at that stage. And the expenses were quite a bite. For one circle-that is to take the eggs and sperms out and combine them into embryos，screen them，and put the healthy ones back into the womb-it costs 50，000 to 60，000 yuan，according to Dong Lei，spokesman for Xiangya.■Wang′s first attempt was a failure，which burned up a year′s salary In December 2013，Xiangya picked three healthy embryos out of seven，but none survived in her womb. Wang made up her mind and tried again in November 2014. This time，there was only one healthy embryo out of eight extracted，but it stayed and grew. On December 6，2015，her child，the second cancer-free baby in China，was born.■Lu Guangxiu，president of Xiangya，tells during an interview in her office that the current PGD-led medical service offered by her hospital has its limitations.“I must point out that the so-called cancer free babies are not absolutely immune to all cancers. They are just free of the specified tumors inherited from their families，”Lu says. Besides that，not all hereditary cancers can be removed from one′s family tree，Lu says as she pointed at a chart on her table. “We have a long way to go to use PGD to stop cancers of polygenic inheritance from passing down.”■Huang Jin，a senior researcher with Beiing University Third Hospital who spent more than a decade studying PGD，says technical risks exist in PGD practice and patients deserve to know.■“PGD reaches final diagnosis through conducting invasive practices on the embrvos. A long-term and large-sample follow-up is needed.”The first baby produced via PGD selection was born in 1990，who just turned 26. Huang says that the time is not long enough to tell whether the invasive screening method would leave any harm.According to the passage，what is the hereditary multiple exostoses like？( )
A.Medical statistics show that it has a low risk of developing into cancer
B.It isa rare medical condition characterized by abnormal bone growth
C.Itisa fatal cancer that only happens to children and teenagers
D.It is a familial cancer which definitely passes down to next generation

正確答案：B
3). Researchers Speed Healing of Broken Bones■Athletes with broken bones hoping to heal in time for a big match may have good news.Researchers have sped up bone healing in mice by one-third by manipulating cell signaling proteins.The work could also have broader applications in regenerative medicine，such as accelerating the healing of skin wounds and tissue damaged in a heart attack，as well as reducing the amount of scarring from other injuries.■Scientists interested in bone healing have focused on a family of proteins called Wnts(pronounced“wints”)，which regulate bone formation in vertebrates by sending signals between cells.They believe that injecting extra Wnts into the body could help broken bones to heal more quickly.However，until recently，practical dificulties prevented this therapy from being tested，says medical biologist Jill Helms of the Stanford School of Medicine in California.The major hurdle was that Wnts don’t dissolve well in water.But in 2008，researchers overcame this problem by packaging Wnt proteins in water-friendly liposomes，which are tiny bubbles that are made of the same molecules as cell membranes.■In the new study，Helms and colleagues tested the packaged Wnts in mice.First，they dilled a 1-millimneter hole into the tibia (in humans，the bone between the knee and the ankle) of anesthetized mice to simulate a bone break.They then injected liposomes loaded with the Wnt protein Wnt3a into the injured area and compared the time that those fractures took to heal with the repair time for identical injuries in mice that received saline instead.The Wnt-treated mice had three-and-a-half times more bone in the injury site after 72 hours than the mice that received only saline，the team reports today in Science Translational Medicine.And after 28 days，the damaged bone in the Wnt-treated mice had completely mended，whereas mice treated with saline took another 2 weeks to heal.■Because Wnts regulate stem cells in many tissues，the researchers are now looking into the posibility that the protein-loaded liposome might help more than just bones.“We are testing whether liposomal Wnts can accelerate skin-wound healing and healing after myocardial infarction (heart attack)，stroke，and corneal and retinal injury，”says Helms.■Orthopedic scientist Richard Aspden of the University of Aberdeen in the United Kingdom says the research was“nicely done.” He notes，however，that other attempts to stimulate bone growth in mice by manipulating cell signaling proteins have produced denser than normal bones-and he’s surprised that Helms’s team didn’t see the same.Helms says that，unlike the young male mice that her team employed，these earlier studies used female mice，whose hormonal cycles can affect bone growth over time.■Aspden also worries that Wnt treatments may speed bone healing but that the bone produced may not be as strong as normal. ■Helms says that the next step is to more rigorously evaluate the safety of this Wnt treatment in animals.If those trials are successful，she anticipates that her team should be in a position to begin clinical trials in humans within the next 2 years.Wnt treatment was prevented from being tested mainly because ( ).
A.Wnts are made of the same molecules as cell membranes
B.Wnts are not water-friendly
C.Wnts are dificult to extract
D.Wnts contain harmful substance

正確答案：B

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